Market Access Negative List (2025 Edition) — Full English Translation by Sector

• Explanatory Notes
• I. Prohibited Category
• I. Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery
• II. Mining
• III. Manufacturing
• IV. Electricity, Heat, Gas and Water Production and Supply
• V. Construction
• VI. Wholesale and Retail Trade
• VII. Transportation, Warehousing and Postal Services
• VIII. Accommodation and Food Services
• IX. Information Transmission, Software and IT Services
• X. Financial Services
• XI. Real Estate
• XII. Leasing and Business Services
• XIII. Scientific Research and Technical Services
• XIV. Water Resources, Environment and Public Facilities Management
• XV. Resident Services, Repair and Other Services
• XVI. Education
• XVII. Health and Social Work
• XVIII. Culture, Sports and Entertainment
• XIX. Projects Subject to Verification Under the Catalogue of Investment Projects Subject to Government Verification (2016)
• XX. Permit-Required Items in the Catalogue of Prohibitions/Permits for Internet Market Access
• XXI. Others

1. Prohibitive Regulations Established by Laws, Regulations, and State Council Decisions Code: 100001

Prohibitive regulations relating to market access that are explicitly established by laws, regulations, State Council decisions, and other instruments (see Annex).

2. Products, Technologies, Processes, Equipment, and Conduct Eliminated or Restricted by National Industrial Policies Code: 100002

Under the Catalogue for Guiding Industry Structure Adjustment: items classified in the Elimination Category are prohibited from investment; items classified in the Restriction Category are prohibited from new construction. Investment in prohibited automotive investment matters listed in the Provisions on the Administration of Automotive Industry Investment is prohibited.

3. Development Activities That Do Not Comply with Major Function-Oriented Zone Construction Requirements Code: 100003

Matters listed in local negative lists (or prohibition/restriction catalogues) for industrial access in National Key Ecological Function Zones and Major Agricultural Production Zones.

4. Financial-Related Business Activities in Violation of Regulations Code: 100004

Non-financial institutions and enterprises that do not engage in financial activities shall not use finance-related terms — including ‘bank,’ ‘insurance,’ ‘securities company,’ ‘futures company,’ ‘fund management company,’ ‘trust company,’ ‘financial holding,’ ‘financial group,’ ‘finance company,’ ‘wealth management,’ ‘equity crowdfunding,’ ‘financial leasing,’ ‘auto finance,’ ‘money brokerage,’ ‘consumer finance,’ ‘financing guarantee,’ ‘pawnbroking,’ ‘credit reporting,’ ‘trading center,’ ‘exchange’ and similar terms — in their registered names or business scopes. ★ In addition, the following terms shall in principle not be used: ‘financial leasing,’ ‘commercial factoring,’ ‘micro-credit,’ ‘asset management,’ ‘online lending,’ ‘P2P,’ ‘internet insurance,’ ‘payment,’ ‘foreign exchange,’ ‘fund management’ (private equity fund management). Where any enterprise uses the above terms, the market regulatory authority shall promptly notify the financial regulatory authority, and both shall maintain continuous oversight. (Authorities: PBOC, NFRA, CSRC, SAMR, CAC, SAFE)

5. Internet-Related Business Activities in Violation of Regulations Code: 100005

Prohibitive measures from the Catalogue of Prohibitions and Permits for Internet Market Access include: ★ Individuals are prohibited from publishing information on dangerous goods on the internet; any entity or individual is prohibited from publishing information on methods of manufacturing dangerous goods online. ★ Online lending information intermediary institutions shall not provide credit enhancement services, pool funds, engage in illegal fundraising, or harm national or public interests. They shall not engage in self-financing, pooling of lenders’ funds, providing guarantees, off-line promotion of financing projects, originating loans, splitting loan terms, issuing wealth management products, quasi-asset securitization, mixing with other financial businesses, deceptive promotion, funding for high-risk investments (stocks, margin trading, futures, structured products, derivatives), equity crowdfunding, or other prohibited activities. ★ Formula foods for special medical purposes — complete-nutrition formula foods for specific diseases — shall not be traded online. (Authorities: MPS, CAC, MIIT, MEE, SAMR, NFRA, NMPA)

6. News and Media-Related Business Activities in Violation of Regulations Code: 100006

Non-public capital shall not engage in news gathering, editing, broadcasting, or distribution activities. Non-public capital shall not invest in, establish, or operate news institutions, including but not limited to news agencies, newspaper and periodical publishing units, radio and television broadcasting institutions, and internet news information gathering and distribution service institutions. Non-public capital shall not operate the pages, frequencies, channels, columns, or public accounts of news institutions. Non-public capital shall not engage in live broadcasting of events relating to politics, economy, military affairs, diplomacy, or major social, cultural, scientific, health, educational, or sports matters that concern political orientation and public opinion direction. Non-public capital shall not introduce news published by overseas entities or organize news and public opinion forums, summits, or award selection activities. (Authorities: NPPA, NRTA, CAC)

7. Specific plant cultivation, breeding, transport and seed/seedling production, operation, testing, import & export Code: 201001

Licensing for crop seed and edible mushroom strain production, operation, and import/export; forestry and grassland seed licensing. Qualification accreditation of seed quality inspection bodies. Approval for collection and felling of nationally protected agricultural and forest germplasm resources. Approval for provision of germplasm resources to overseas parties or collaborative research. Approval for transfer of new plant variety rights to foreign persons. National control over narcotic pharmaceutical raw material plant cultivation. Quarantine and isolated trial planting approval for introduced seeds. Issuance of origin and transport quarantine certificates. (Local: Industrial hemp cultivation/processing license — Yunnan).

8. Research, production, processing and import of agricultural or forestry genetically modified organisms Code: 201002

Approval for research, testing, production, processing, and import of agricultural GMOs. Approval for conducting forestry and grassland genetic engineering activities.

9. Timber processing and trading Code: 201003

Issuance of timber felling permits. Approval of designated enterprises for processing pine wood nematode-infested timber into panels. (Local: Approval for collection, sale, purchase, and processing of provincial-level key rare timber — Inner Mongolia, Zhejiang).

10. Production and operation of breeding livestock, poultry and other animal genetic materials Code: 201004

Production/operation licensing for breeding livestock, poultry, frozen semen, embryos, silkworm eggs, and other genetic materials. Approval for production, operation, and import/export of aquatic fry (including transgenic). Approval for introduction, export, and collaborative research of livestock, poultry, bee, and silkworm genetic resources.

11. Aquaculture and fishing operations Code: 201005

Approval for fishing operations and distant-water fisheries; fishing vessel/net gear quota approval. Issuance of aquaculture certificates for water areas and tidal flats. Approval for construction of artificial fish reefs.

12. Animal diagnosis and treatment, entry-exit quarantine treatment and related services Code: 201006

Licensing for animal diagnosis and treatment. Approval of entry-exit animal and plant quarantine treatment entities.

13. Animal raising, slaughtering, and trading Code: 201007

Issuance of animal epidemic prevention qualification certificates for animal raising farms, isolation sites, slaughtering/processing establishments, and harmless treatment sites; review of designated pig slaughtering plant establishment. Issuance of quarantine certificates for slaughter, sale, or transport of animals/animal products. Approval for feed/feed additive production enterprises; issuance of new feed certificates. (Local: Designated slaughtering plants for cattle, sheep — Zhejiang, Fujian, Guizhou, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang).

14. Transport and purchase of raw milk Code: 201008

Licensing of raw milk collection stations and issuance of transport permits.

15. Transfer of land management rights beyond prescribed scale Code: 201009

Approval for industrial/commercial enterprises and other social capital to acquire land or forestland management rights through transfer.

16. Exploration and exploitation of mineral resources, production and operation, and foreign cooperation Code: 202001

Approval for exploration/exploitation of mineral resources and transfer of exploration/mining rights. Uranium resource exploitation approval. Safety production licensing for mining and oil/gas enterprises. Safety facility design review for mining, oil/gas construction projects; coal mine construction project design document approval. Monopoly on oil/gas and coalbed methane foreign cooperation; approval of foreign cooperation projects (including risk exploration and cooperative development zones).

17. Specific food production, operation and import/export Code: 203001

New food raw material, new food additive, and new food-related product variety approval; designation of applicable standards for imported food without national food safety standards. Food production and operation licensing (excluding sale of pre-packaged food only); food additive production licensing. Registration of formula foods for special medical purposes, infant formula, and health foods using ingredients outside the permitted catalogue or imported for the first time. Designated salt production and wholesale enterprise approval. (Local: Registration/filing, licensing, or approval for small food production workshops, food vendors, and small catering operators — nationwide).

18. Tobacco monopoly product production Code: 203002

Tobacco leaf growers must sign contracts with tobacco companies stipulating planting areas. Approval for establishment, division, merger, dissolution, capital construction for capacity expansion or technical renovation, and production exceeding annual plan of tobacco product manufacturing enterprises (including e-cigarette-related enterprises). Tobacco monopoly product manufacturing enterprise (including e-cigarette-related) licensing. Superior tobacco varieties must be supplied through local tobacco companies. Approval for foreign tobacco brand OEM processing, licensed production, and cooperative development of cigarette brands.

19. Specific printing and reproduction services Code: 203003

Qualification restrictions on producing motor vehicle registration certificates, license plates, and driver’s licenses. Qualification restrictions on producing tractor and combine harvester registration certificates, plates, and licenses. Qualification restrictions on printing bank instruments and clearing vouchers. Printing enterprise establishment, change, merger, consolidation, and division approval. Approval for audio/video and electronic publication reproduction units to reproduce overseas products. Approval for printing enterprises to print overseas publications; approval for printing internal reference publications.

36. Electric power and municipal public utility services Code: 204001

Electricity business and power facility installation (repair, testing) licensing. Gas operation licensing. (Local: Urban heating operation licensing — 11 provinces including Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang; Gas project approval, gas appliance installation/maintenance licensing — Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian, Henan, Hunan, Guangdong, Ningxia).

37. Construction and civil engineering, river-related projects, marine engineering and related project construction Code: 205001

Construction enterprise qualification recognition, safety production licensing, and construction permitting. Housing and municipal infrastructure construction drawing review. Seismic fortification requirement review for major projects; seismic design review for super high-rise buildings. Lightning protection device design review. Construction project energy conservation review. Environmental impact assessment approval for general construction projects, marine engineering projects, and nuclear/radiation projects. Approval for construction projects overlying important mineral deposits. Review of resettlement plans for large/medium water conservancy and hydropower projects. Water conservancy infrastructure preliminary design review. Flood impact assessment approval. Approval for occupying agricultural irrigation water sources and irrigation/drainage facilities. Construction project fire safety design review and acceptance. Approval for construction on forest land, grassland and in forest/wildlife national nature reserves. Avoidance of harm to meteorological observation environment approval. (Local: Approval for production activities and new/expanded/reconstructed works within water conservancy project management areas; Public security engineering design firm approval — Shanghai).

38. Operation, circulation trade and import/export (including transit) of specific commodities such as agricultural products and crude oil Code: 206001

Quota administration for certain import/export goods. License administration for certain import/export goods. State trading qualification administration for certain goods (including export of corn, rice, cotton, tobacco, crude oil, refined oil, coal, tungsten, antimony, silver; import of wheat, corn, rice, cotton, sugar, tobacco, crude oil, refined oil, fertilizers). Processing trade administration for key sensitive commodities (copper concentrate, tin concentrate, satellite TV reception facilities, raw hides, silver). Live livestock/poultry supply qualification administration for Hong Kong/Macao.

39. Import/export transport, specific goods warehousing, and circulation trade services Code: 206002

Import feed and feed additive registration. Refined oil retail operation qualification approval. International voyage vessel bonded oil supply qualification licensing. Duty-free shop establishment approval; duty-free shop operation licensing. Customs-supervised goods warehousing enterprise registration. Quarantine approval for transiting animals, entry of specific animals/plants and their products; registration of production, processing, and storage entities for exit of specific animals/plants, their products, and other quarantine objects.

40. Import and export of specific restricted commodities and technologies Code: 206003

Restricted technology import/export licensing. Dual-use items and technology import/export licensing. Radioactive isotope import approval (restricted catalogue). Nuclear items and related technology export approval. Gold and gold product import/export approval. Military product export licensing.

41. Specific grain and oil operation Code: 206004

Qualification recognition for military grain supply stations and military grain proxy supply points. (Local: Qualification recognition for local reserve grain and oil storage — nationwide).

42. Auction and direct selling Code: 206005

Auction business operation licensing. Direct selling enterprise and branch establishment/change approval.

43. Specific pharmaceutical product and medical device operation Code: 206006

Pharmaceutical wholesale and retail enterprise operation licensing. Toxic pharmaceutical product for medical use acquisition, wholesale, and retail licensing; toxic pharmaceutical product purchase approval for research/teaching. Protein assimilation preparations and peptide hormone import/export approval. Class III medical device operation licensing. Class I pharmaceutical precursor chemical (narcotic drug category) operation and purchase licensing. Narcotic drug and psychotropic drug wholesaler and retailer approval; purchase, transport, and mail approval for narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs.

44. Wholesale, retail, operation and import/export of tobacco, alcohol and related products Code: 206007

Tobacco leaf acquisition monopoly and establishment of tobacco leaf acquisition stations (points) approval. Tobacco monopoly wholesale enterprise (including e-cigarette-related) licensing; tobacco monopoly retail licensing (including e-cigarette-related); tobacco monopoly product transport licensing. Tobacco monopoly product import/export monopoly; unified authorized operation of tobacco goods import/export. Approval for purchase, sale, and transfer of tobacco-specific machinery.

45. Construction and related services for highway, waterway and waterway-related projects Code: 207001

Highway/waterway engineering supervision enterprise qualification licensing; highway maintenance operation unit qualification approval. Navigation channel navigability impact assessment review. Approval for use of dam/embankment tops or berms as roads. Highway/waterway construction project design approval; highway/waterway investment project establishment approval.

46. Passenger and freight road transport and related services Code: 207002

Road passenger transport operation licensing, international road passenger transport operation licensing, road freight operation licensing (excluding ordinary freight vehicles under 4,500kg), dangerous goods road transport operation licensing. Road passenger transport station operation licensing. Taxi (including cruising taxi and ride-hailing) operation licensing, vehicle operation certificate issuance. (Local: Urban public transport enterprise and route determination — various regions).

47. Railway passenger and freight public transport Code: 207003

Railway transport enterprise operation licensing. (Local: Local railway operation license issuance — Hebei, Henan).

48. Specific waterborne transport and auxiliary activities Code: 207004

Vessel berthing alongside foreign vessels licensing. Domestic waterway transport licensing and new domestic passenger/dangerous goods vessel capacity approval; international passenger/bulk liquid dangerous goods vessel transport licensing and international liner transport licensing; foreign-flag vessel operation between domestic ports and towing approval; mainland-Taiwan maritime transport licensing; mainland-Hong Kong/Macao passenger and bulk liquid dangerous goods vessel transport licensing. Domestic vessel management operation approval. Port shoreline (deepwater/non-deepwater) use approval within port master plan areas. Dangerous goods port construction project safety condition review and safety facility design review. Port operation licensing. Seafarer manning approval; crew/pilot training institution licensing; vessel survey institution establishment approval.

49. Civil airport construction, civil aviation transport and auxiliary activities Code: 207005

New/reconstructed/expanded civil airport approval within prescribed authority; civil airport use licensing; civil aviation security inspection equipment use licensing. Civil aviation fuel enterprise safe operation licensing. Public air transport enterprise operation licensing; Chinese/foreign air transport route and flight operation licensing; Chinese/foreign public air carrier operation certificate issuance; air operator dangerous goods transport qualification licensing. Commercial general aviation enterprise operation licensing. Special general aviation flight mission approval. Domestic/international scheduled and non-scheduled flight plan approval. Civil unmanned aircraft operation certificate approval (except micro UAS). Civil aviation communications, navigation, and surveillance equipment use licensing. Civil aviation product maintenance organization licensing. ★ Restrictions on equity ratios and associated investments in key civil aviation sectors by domestic operators.

50. Bonded goods warehousing and logistics Code: 207006

Bonded warehouse, export supervised warehouse, and bonded logistics center establishment approval.

51. Postal and related services Code: 207007

Express delivery operation licensing. Entry/exit postal communications operation approval. Imitation of postage stamp designs approval. Commemorative stamp design review; commemorative and special stamp issuance plan approval. Approval for postal enterprises to suspend or restrict universal postal services, revoke universal postal service outlets, or discontinue postage vouchers.

52. Hotel accommodation services Code: 208001

Hotel industry special trade licensing. (Authority: Ministry of Public Security).

53. Use of radio frequencies and establishment/use of radio stations Code: 209001

Radio frequency use licensing (including satellite, satellite communications network, and terrestrial radio service frequencies). Radio station establishment/use licensing (including satellite earth stations, space stations, terrestrial stations); radio station identification code (call sign) issuance. Ship, aircraft, and railway locomotive standard radio station license and identification code approval; civil aviation radio dedicated frequency and call sign assignment.

54. Telecommunications services, construction and use of telecom networks, and use of communications resources Code: 209002

Basic and value-added telecommunications service operation licensing. Internet domain name root server establishment and operation approval; internet domain name registration management institution and registration service institution establishment approval. Telecom network numbering resource use and adjustment approval. Approval of interconnection rules formulated by dominant telecom enterprises. Domestic entity overseas satellite resource leasing verification. International communications gateway exchange establishment approval.

55. Investment by non-public capital in the news and media sector Code: 209003

Equity ratio restrictions on non-public capital participation in cable television distribution network construction and operation. News media financing approval and controlling equity restrictions: converted publishing houses, newspaper and periodical offices must maintain wholly state-owned or state-controlled diversified ownership. After listing, state capital must maintain absolute controlling ownership.

56. Electronic certification services and classified information system-related services Code: 209004

Electronic certification service licensing; electronic certification service cryptography use licensing. E-government electronic certification service institution qualification recognition. Classified information system integration qualification recognition.

57. Establishment of financial institutions Code: 210001

Financial holding company licensing. Banking financial institutions, financial asset management companies, trust investment companies, finance companies, financial leasing companies and other non-bank financial institutions and their branch establishment, change, termination, and business scope approval. Insurance group companies and insurance holding companies establishment, merger, division, change, and dissolution approval. Insurance companies and their branches establishment, change, termination, and business scope approval. Insurance asset management companies and their branches establishment, change, and termination approval. Public offering fund management company establishment and material change licensing. Securities company establishment and change licensing. Futures company establishment and change licensing. Pawnshop and branch establishment approval. ★ Micro-credit companies, financial leasing companies, commercial factoring companies, local asset management companies and their branches establishment, change, termination, and business scope approval. Financing guarantee company establishment, merger, division, registered capital reduction, and cross-province branch establishment approval. Bank card clearing institution licensing. Non-bank payment institution establishment, change, and termination licensing. Trading venues using ‘exchange’ in their names establishment approval; securities registration and settlement institution and independent futures settlement institution establishment approval; securities finance company establishment and dissolution approval. Financial institution business premises and vault security facility plan approval and completion acceptance. Individual credit reporting business operation licensing.

58. Specific financial services Code: 210002

National interbank bond market access licensing; interbank/international financial bond issuance approval; insurance company subordinated term debt issuance approval; corporate (enterprise) bond issuance registration; listed company convertible bond registration. Interbank bond market settlement agent approval. Conditions for underwriting financial bonds, securities company short-term financing note issuance, and credit rating agencies entering interbank bond market. Commercial bank / credit cooperative agent treasury business approval. Centralized treasury receipt and payment agent bank qualification. Commercial banks, policy banks, and financial asset management companies external equity investment approval. ★ Depository business qualification approval. Specific insurance type terms and premium rate licensing (public interest, compulsory, and newly developed life insurance). Insurance company expanded use of insurance funds approval. Insurance agency/brokerage operation licensing; export credit insurance-related business approval. Supplementary insurance agency qualification recognition. Public fund service institution and fund registration. Fund custodian and public fund manager qualification. Company stock and depositary receipt issuance registration. Securities investment advisory service approval. Foreign exchange settlement/sales operation or termination approval; non-bank financial institution foreign exchange business (other than settlement/sales) approval. Cross-border securities and derivatives foreign exchange business approval. Domestic institution (excluding banking institutions) external claims approval. Capital account foreign exchange fund conversion, purchase and payment approval. Current account enterprise and specific receipt/payment approval; current account foreign exchange overseas deposit approval. Foreign currency cash withdrawal, exit carrying, and cross-border transfer approval. Domestic institution external debt and cross-border guarantee approval. (Local: Farmer cooperative credit mutual aid pilot licensing — Shandong; Trading venue equity-type or OTC-adjacent commodity trading licensing — Shandong; Private financing institution capital management or registration service licensing — Shandong).

59. RMB printing and related technology, equipment and materials Code: 210003

RMB printing enterprise designation. Designation of enterprises engaging in research, imitation, introduction, sale, purchase, and use of anti-counterfeiting materials, technologies, processes, and specialized equipment specific to RMB printing.

60. Real estate development, pre-sale and related services Code: 211001

Real estate development enterprise qualification verification. Commercial housing pre-sale licensing.

61. Legal services or specific consulting, investigation, and IP services Code: 212001

Accounting firm and branch establishment approval; ★ tax agent firm establishment registration. Law firm and branch establishment, change, and cancellation licensing; notary institution establishment approval; forensic appraisal institution and branch establishment, change, extension, and cancellation registration. Accounting agency service approval. Patent agency practice licensing. Foreign-related statistical survey qualification recognition; foreign-related social survey project approval.

62. Employment agencies, labor dispatch, security services and related services Code: 212002

For-profit human resources service institution employment agency licensing. Labor dispatch operation licensing. Foreign labor service cooperation qualification and mainland labor export to Hong Kong/Macao cooperation qualification approval. Security service company establishment licensing.

63. Travel agency establishment or specific tourism services Code: 212003

Travel agency establishment licensing; outbound tourism and border tourism qualification approval.

64. Specific advertising and advertising facility installation Code: 212004

Advertising review for formula foods for special medical purposes, health foods, medical (including TCM), pharmaceuticals, medical devices, pesticides, veterinary drugs, and agricultural GMOs. Large outdoor advertising and hanging/posting of promotional materials on urban buildings and facilities approval.

65. Specific foreign-related economic and technical exhibitions in China Code: 212005

Domestic foreign-related economic and technical exhibition approval (limited to first-time exhibitions using ‘China,’ ‘National’ in their names, and exhibitions with foreign institution co-sponsorship).

66. Specific human genetic resources-related services Code: 213001

China human genetic resources collection, preservation, international collaborative scientific research, and material exit approval.

67. Animal and microorganism specific scientific research activities Code: 213002

Experimental animal production and use licensing. High-level pathogenic microorganism laboratory construction approval. Highly pathogenic or suspected highly pathogenic microorganism experimental activity approval.

68. Urban and rural planning preparation Code: 213003

Urban and rural planning preparation institution qualification recognition.

69. Construction engineering survey, design, and supervision Code: 213004

Construction engineering survey, design, and supervision enterprise qualification recognition. Water conservancy engineering supervision institution qualification recognition.

70. Inspection, testing, and certification Code: 213005

Certification body qualification licensing; designation of certification bodies and laboratories for compulsory certification and related activities. Inspection and testing institution qualification recognition. Safety assessment, testing, and inspection institution qualification recognition. Agricultural product quality safety testing institution assessment. Pesticide registration testing institution designation. Construction engineering quality testing institution approval. Highway/waterway engineering quality testing institution approval. Water conservancy engineering quality testing institution qualification recognition. Special equipment inspection and testing institution approval. Geological disaster prevention and control institution approval. Lightning protection device testing institution qualification recognition.

71. Specific surveying and mapping, remote sensing, marine scientific research, and meteorological services Code: 213006

Surveying and mapping qualification approval for entities engaged in surveying/mapping activities. Independent plane coordinate system establishment approval. Map review. Foreign-related marine scientific research approval. Meteorological specialized technical equipment use approval. Unmanned free balloon and tethered balloon entity qualification recognition and activity approval.

72. Specific water management or related production/construction projects Code: 214001

Water abstraction licensing. River sand mining licensing. Specific activities within river management areas approval. Specialized hydrological observation station establishment and cancellation approval. Production/construction project water and soil conservation plan approval. (Local: Mineral water identification — Jilin).

73. Pollutant monitoring, storage, disposal and related operations Code: 214002

Establishment of entities specialized in radioactive waste treatment, storage, and disposal licensing. Hazardous waste operation licensing and transboundary transfer approval. Waste electrical and electronic product treatment enterprise qualification approval. Domestic waste commercial sweeping, collection, transport, and treatment service approval. Urban construction waste disposal approval.

74. Wildlife and plant capture/collection, import/export and related operations Code: 214003

Hunting, selling, purchasing, and utilization of nationally protected wildlife or products approval; hunting of locally protected wildlife with capture quota administration. Collection, sale, and acquisition of nationally protected wild plants approval; licorice and ephedra acquisition approval. Artificial breeding of nationally protected wildlife licensing. Wildlife and plant or product import/export approval (including provision of endemic wildlife genetic resources to overseas institutions/persons). (Local: Provincial-level wildlife/plant approval — multiple provinces).

75. Use of sea areas and development/utilization of uninhabited islands Code: 214004

Uninhabited island development/utilization review. Submarine cable/pipeline route survey and laying construction approval. Sea area use right approval (including bidding, auction, and listing).

76. Production and operation of ozone-depleting substances Code: 214005

Ozone-depleting substance production, use, import/export quota licensing and import/export approval.

77. Construction of funeral facilities Code: 215001

Funeral facility construction approval. (Local: Funeral service operation approval — Shanghai, Sichuan, Ningxia).

78. Maintenance and destruction of state-secret carriers Code: 215002

State-secret carrier maintenance and destruction qualification recognition.

79. Establishment of specific educational institutions Code: 216001

Preparatory establishment and operation licensing for institutions of higher learning and other higher education institutions; private and Sino-foreign cooperative schools at secondary level and below, kindergartens, off-campus training institutions for primary/secondary students, and other educational institutions. Teaching licensing for schools for children of foreign nationals. Preparatory establishment approval for vocational training schools, private technician schools, and technician colleges; operation licensing for vocational training schools, technician schools, and technician colleges. (Local: Professional/technical personnel continuing education institution establishment approval — Chongqing).

80. Establishment of specific medical institutions or specific medical services Code: 217001

Medical institution (including TCM) establishment approval and practice registration (excluding clinics). Blood station establishment approval and practice registration; single-plasma collection station establishment approval. Occupational health and radiological health technical service institution qualification recognition. Drug rehabilitation medical institution establishment or drug rehabilitation treatment licensing. Vaccination unit designation. Human organ transplant diagnosis/treatment department registration. Large medical equipment allocation licensing. Medical institution construction project radioactive occupational disease hazard pre-assessment report review. Human sperm bank establishment and assisted human reproductive technology licensing. Maternal and infant health care technical service institution practice licensing. Radiological source diagnosis/treatment technology and medical radiology institution licensing. Doping testing institution qualification recognition.

81. Investment in and operation of businesses involving public health safety Code: 217002

Public place and frontier port hygiene licensing. Disinfection product manufacturer approval and approval for new materials, new processes, or new sterilization principles for disinfection product production. High-risk pathogenic microorganism strain, virus strain or sample transport approval. Drinking water supply unit and drinking water hygiene/safety product hygiene licensing.

82. Preparation of pharmaceutical preparations and purchase/use of specific drugs and medical devices by medical institutions Code: 217003

Medical institution pharmaceutical preparation formulation licensing; medical institution formulated preparation variety registration approval and adjustment approval. Medical institution narcotic drug and Class I psychotropic drug purchase licensing. Medical unit radioactive drug (Class III, IV) use licensing. Medical institution import of small quantities of drugs or Class II/III medical devices for urgent clinical needs approval.

83. Archaeological excavation, cultural relic protection and operation Code: 218001

Cultural relic protection engineering construction/supervision qualification approval. Archaeological excavation qualification licensing. Museum collection restoration, reproduction, and rubbing qualification licensing. Cultural relic sale operation licensing. Cultural relic auction operation licensing and auction item review.

84. Establishment of publishing and media institutions or specific publishing and media-related services Code: 218002

Publishing unit establishment, change, merger, division, and branch establishment approval (including specialized publishing scope change). Publication wholesale/retail licensing; audio/video and electronic publication production licensing; audio/video and electronic publication reproduction unit establishment, change, merger, and division approval. Copyright collective management organization and branch establishment approval. News organization local office establishment approval. Current affairs news reprint service approval. ★ Newspaper/periodical publishing units, broadcast/television media and internet sites cooperation with foreign news institutions approval. News and publishing Sino-foreign cooperative project approval. Publishing of electronic publications and internet game works authorized by overseas copyright holders approval. Primary/secondary school textbook publishing and distribution qualification approval. Newspaper, periodical, and continuous electronic publication periodicity and format change approval. Religious internal reference publications and religious article printing approval. ★ Supplementary audio/video or electronic publication review for book/newspaper/periodical/electronic/audio-video publishers. Newspaper, periodical, and continuous electronic publication publishing approval (including name change). Subscriber overseas publication ordering approval; import publication catalogue filing approval. Book, periodical, audio/video, and electronic publication major topic selection approval. Overseas publication exhibition approval. Domestic online game work publishing approval.

85. Import and export of specific cultural products Code: 218003

Film import operation entity designation. Artwork import/export operation approval. Publication import operation entity establishment, change, merger, division, and branch establishment approval. Import of audio/video (electronic publications) for publishing and finished audio/video (electronic publication) products approval.

86. Production, operation, installation, use and import of radio/television-related facilities, and use of radio/television dedicated frequencies Code: 218004

Satellite TV broadcast ground receiving facility production, installation, setup, and import licensing. Radio/television dedicated frequency band use licensing. Cable radio/television transmission coverage network project completion review. Wireless radio/television transmission equipment order certificate issuance. Radio/television equipment and device network access certification.

87. Specific radio, television, and film production, import, broadcast, screening and related services Code: 218005

Radio station and television station establishment/termination and related unit cable radio/television station establishment approval. Pay channel opening, termination, program adjustment, broadcast area, call sign, logo, and identification number approval. Film distribution entity establishment, business scope change, merger, and division approval; film screening entity establishment approval. Sino-foreign cooperative film production approval; overseas personnel film/TV program production participation approval. Film screenplay outline filing; film screenplay review involving major themes or national security, diplomacy, ethnicity, religion, or military matters; film review. Radio/television video-on-demand service approval. Radio/television program production/operation entity establishment approval. Satellite-imported and retransmitted overseas radio/television programs approval. Sino-foreign cooperative TV series (including TV animation) production approval. Domestic TV series (including TV animation, web series, web films, web animation) review. Imported overseas films, TV series (animation) and other audiovisual programs for broadcast or online dissemination approval. Radio/television program transmission operation approval. Chinese/foreign film exhibitions, international film festivals, and radio/television program exchange/trade event approval.

88. Lottery issuance Code: 218006

Lottery issuance management matters approval. (Authorities: Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Civil Affairs, General Administration of Sport).

89. Specific cultural, sports and entertainment services Code: 218007

High-risk sports operation licensing. Literary and artistic performance troupes and performance brokerage institutions establishment approval; commercial performance approval. Social arts level examination institution establishment approval. Fireworks evening and large-scale fireworks display activity licensing. Entertainment venue operation approval. Commercial shooting range establishment licensing. ★ Game and amusement equipment content review.

90. Specific agricultural and water conservancy projects Code: 221001

Agriculture: wasteland reclamation projects — provincial government verification. Water conservancy: major water conservancy projects involving transboundary/cross-province water resource allocation adjustment — NDRC verification; reservoir projects with capacity ≥1 billion m³ or resettlement ≥10,000 persons — State Council verification. Remaining projects — local government verification.

91. Specific energy projects Code: 221002

Hydropower stations: transboundary/cross-province river projects ≥500MW per station — NDRC verification; ≥3,000MW or resettlement ≥10,000 — State Council verification. Pumped storage: provincial government verification per national plans. Thermal power (including captive): provincial government verification; coal/gas-fired within national total-quantity-controlled plans. Cogeneration (including captive): local government verification; extraction-condensing coal-fired cogeneration — provincial government verification within national plans. Nuclear power: State Council verification. Grid projects: transboundary/cross-province ±500kV+ DC and 500/750/1000kV AC — NDRC verification (±800kV+ DC and 1000kV AC report to State Council for filing); non-transboundary — provincial government per national plans. Coal mines: new capacity ≥1.2Mt/year in national planned mining areas — State Council industry authority verification; ≥5Mt — NDRC verification with State Council filing; remainder — provincial government. Coal-to-fuel: coal-to-gas >2 billion m³/year or coal-to-oil >1Mt/year — NDRC verification. LPG receiving/storage: local government. Import LNG receiving/storage: new projects — State Council industry authority verification; ≥3Mt capacity — NDRC verification with State Council filing. Oil product pipelines (transboundary/cross-province trunk): NDRC verification. Gas pipelines (transboundary/cross-province trunk): NDRC verification. Oil refining: new/expanded primary refining — provincial government per national plans; projects not in approved plans prohibited. Denatured fuel ethanol: provincial government.

92. Specific transportation projects Code: 221003

Railways (new/expanded): projects in national plans with China State Railway Group as main investor — self-decision with NDRC filing; private investment — provincial government verification; local intercity — provincial government per national plans with NDRC filing. Highways: national expressway/trunk highway network — provincial government per national plans; local expressways — provincial government; remainder — local government. Independent highway/railway bridges and tunnels: transboundary projects — NDRC verification with State Council filing; projects in national plans with CSR as main investor — self-decision with filing; private — provincial government; remaining independent bridges/tunnels crossing 100,000 DWT+ waterways or major rivers — provincial government. Coal/ore/oil-gas dedicated berths: provincial government per national plans. Container terminals: provincial government per national plans. Inland waterways: cross-province high-grade waterways ≥1,000-ton class navigation-power hubs — provincial government per national plans. Civil aviation: new transport airports — State Council/Central Military Commission; new general aviation airports and expansion of military-civilian dual-use airports — provincial government.

93. Specific information industry projects Code: 221004

Telecommunications: international communications infrastructure projects — NDRC verification; domestic trunk transmission networks (including broadcast/TV) and other telecom infrastructure involving information security — State Council industry authority verification.

94. Specific raw materials projects Code: 221005

Rare earth, iron ore, non-ferrous mining: provincial government. Petrochemical: new ethylene, PX, MDI — provincial government per national petrochemical industry plans; projects not in approved plans prohibited. Coal chemical: new coal-to-olefins, coal-to-PX — provincial government per national plans; new coal-to-methanol >1Mt/year — provincial government; others prohibited. Rare earth smelting/separation and deep processing: provincial government. Gold mining/beneficiation: provincial government.

95. Specific machinery manufacturing projects Code: 221006

Automobiles: with State Council approval, new Sino-foreign joint venture sedan projects, new battery electric passenger vehicle projects and other automotive investment projects previously subject to verification are no longer under verification management and are adjusted to filing management.

96. Specific light industry projects Code: 221007

Tobacco: cigarettes, cigarette diacetate cellulose, and tow projects — State Council industry authority verification.

97. Specific high-tech projects Code: 221008

Civil aerospace: trunk/regional aircraft, ≥6-ton/9-seat general aircraft and ≥3-ton helicopter manufacturing, civil satellite manufacturing, civil remote sensing satellite ground station construction — NDRC verification; <6-ton/9-seat general aircraft and <3-ton helicopter manufacturing — provincial government.

98. Specific urban construction projects Code: 221009

Urban rail transit (excluding low-capacity): provincial DRC approval (verification) per national urban rail transit plans. Low-capacity rail transit: provincial DRC approval (verification). Urban road bridges and tunnels crossing 100,000 DWT+ waterways or major rivers: provincial government. Other urban construction projects: local government determines verification or filing. Theme parks: super-large — State Council verification; others — provincial government.

99. Specific social undertaking projects Code: 221010

Tourism: projects with total investment ≥50 million yuan in national scenic areas, national nature reserves, and national key cultural relic protection unit areas; projects with total investment ≥30 million yuan in world natural/cultural heritage protection areas — provincial government verification. Other social undertaking projects: State Council industry authority or local government determines verification or filing per administrative relationship.

100. Internet information transmission and information services Code: 222001

The State implements a licensing system for for-profit internet information services and a verification system for non-profit internet information services. Internet information services involving news, publishing, and religion must obtain competent authority review/approval before applying for operation licensing or completing filing. Internet map publication must obtain publishing authority review/approval. Online drug sales: only drug marketing authorization holders or drug distributors with safety assurance capability; TCM prepared slice manufacturers selling their own products must fulfill marketing authorization holder obligations. Drug online sales enterprises that are marketing authorization holders may only sell drugs for which they hold registration certificates; without retail qualification, drugs cannot be sold to individuals. Online medical device sales require the seller to be a device registrant/filer or distributor. Dangerous goods industry entities must obtain value-added telecom operation licensing or non-profit internet information service filing from telecom authorities and undergo website security inspection at local public security organs. Instant messaging and microblog service providers and public account information services must obtain relevant qualifications. Internet news information services through websites, apps, forums, blogs, microblogs, public accounts, instant messaging, and live streaming must obtain internet news information service licensing. ★ Internet news information service providers changing material license conditions must complete change procedures; cooperation with Sino-foreign JVs or cooperative enterprises involving internet news information services requires CAC security assessment. Online public account platform services with media attributes and opinion mobilization functions, and mobile internet app information services must obtain relevant qualifications. Internet information service providers exclusively or concurrently engaging in talent information intermediary services must obtain a license.

101. Internet intermediary and business services Code: 222002

Professional employment agencies shall implement an administrative licensing system. Operating travel agency services online must obtain travel agency operation licensing and clearly display license information on the website homepage.

102. Online audiovisual program services or internet cultural and entertainment services Code: 222003

Internet audiovisual program services must obtain an Information Network Dissemination of Audiovisual Programs Permit or complete filing. Dedicated network and directed dissemination audiovisual program services (content provision, integrated broadcast control, transmission/distribution) must obtain the same permit. Operating for-profit internet cultural activities requires application to and approval by provincial cultural/tourism authorities. Online publishing services must obtain an Online Publishing Service Permit. Imported internet cultural products must be handled by licensed for-profit internet cultural entities with Ministry of Culture and Tourism content review. Internet access service business premises are subject to licensing; unlicensed establishment or operation is prohibited. Online lottery sales require approval. Online games cannot be published online without approval; overseas copyright holder-authorized online games must complete approval procedures.

104. Sale or provision of critical network equipment and specialized cybersecurity products Code: 222005

Critical network equipment and specialized cybersecurity products must comply with mandatory national standards and be certified as security-qualified or pass security testing by qualified institutions before they may be sold or provided.

105. Implementation of foreign aid projects Code: 299001

Foreign aid project implementing enterprise qualification recognition. Other industries, sectors, and business activities requiring licensed investment and operation as stipulated by laws, administrative regulations, State Council decisions, local regulations, and provincial-level people’s government rules (which may establish temporary measures). Note: Items marked with ★ are prohibitive/permit measures retained temporarily due to insufficient legislative hierarchy of their establishment basis.